New‐onset fulminant type 1 diabetes following SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination: A case report

Fulminant type 1 diabetes is characterized by a rapid progression of insulin deficiency triggered by viral infection. Here, we report a case of a 45-year-old Japanese woman with fulminant type 1 diabetes which developed eight days after receiving mRNA vaccine against acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). She had been healthy and had no symptoms suggestive of viral infection before the vaccination. Laboratory tests showed exhaustion of insulin secretion and negative results for islet autoantibodies. Human leukocyte antigen genotype analysis showed the DRB1*04:05 and DQB1*04:01 alleles. This is the first case report of new-onset fulminant type 1 diabetes after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and suggests that a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine may trigger the onset of fulminant type 1 diabetes in susceptible individuals. However, a causal relationship remains to be identified and further studies are required to determine the incidence of such cases.