Structural characterization of the reaction cycle of bacterial DASS dicarboxylate transporters

Na+-dependent dicarboxylate transporter from Vibrio cholerae (VcINDY) imports nutrients across the inner membrane into the cell. The protein is a prototype for the divalent anion sodium symporter (DASS) family, which also includes another group, the Na+-independent dicarboxylate/ dicarboxylate antiporters. Both groups form homodimers, with a scaffold domain and an elevator domain. Using X-ray crystallography and cryo-EM, we have determined multiple state structures of VcINDY and LaINDY, a dicarboxylate antiporter from Lactobacillus acidophilus.