C/N-Dependent Element Bioconversion Efficiency and Antimicrobial Protein Expression in Food Waste Treatment by Black Soldier Fly Larvae
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES(2022)
摘要
The black soldier fly (BSF), Hermetia illucens, has emerged as a promising species for waste bioconversion and source of antimicrobial proteins (AMPs). However, there is a scarcity of research on the element transformation efficiency and molecular characterization of AMPs derived from waste management. Here, food waste treatment was performed using BSF larvae (BSFL) in a C/N ratio of 21:1-10:1, with a focus on the C/N-dependent element bioconversion, AMP antimicrobial activity, and transcriptome profiling. The C-larvae transformation rates were found to be similar among C/Ns (27.0-35.5%, p = 0.109), while the N-larvae rates were different (p = 0.001), with C/N 21:1-16:1 (63.5-75.0%) being higher than C/N 14:1-10:1 (35.0-45.7%). The C/N ratio did not alter the antimicrobial spectrum of AMPs, but did affect the activities, with C/N 21:1 being significantly lower than C/N 18:1-10:1. The lysozyme genes were found to be significantly more highly expressed than the cecropin, defensin, and attacin genes in the AMP gene family. Out of 51 lysozyme genes, C/N 18:1 and C/N 16:1 up-regulated (p < 0.05) 14 and 12 genes compared with C/N 21:1, respectively, corresponding to the higher activity of AMPs. Overall, the element bioconversion efficiency and AMP expression can be enhanced through C/N ratio manipulation, and the C/N-dependent transcriptome regulation is the driving force of the AMP difference.
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关键词
black soldier fly larvae, food waste, C, N ratio, antimicrobial proteins, transcriptome, Hermetia illucens, element recycle, gene family
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