A utility-based machine learning-driven personalized lifestyle recommendation for cardiovascular disease prevention.

In recent decades, cardiovascular disease (CVD) has become the leading cause of death in most countries of the world. Since many types of CVD are preventable by modifying lifestyle behaviors, the objective of this paper is to develop an effective personalized lifestyle recommendation algorithm for reducing the risk of common types of CVD. However, in practice, the underlying relationships between the risk factors (e.g., lifestyles, blood pressure, etc.) and disease onset is highly complex. It is also challenging to identify effective modification recommendations for different individuals due to individual's effort-benefits consideration and uncertainties in disease progression. Therefore, to address these challenges, this study developed a novel data-driven approach for personalized lifestyle behaviors recommendation based on machine learning and a personalized exponential utility function model. The contributions of this work can be summarized into three aspects: (1) a classification-based prediction model is implemented to predict the CVD risk based on the condition of risk factors; (2) the generative adversarial network (GAN) is incorporated to learn the underlying relationship between risk factors, as well as quantifying the uncertainty of disease progression under lifestyle modifications; and (3) a novel personalized exponential utility function model is proposed to evaluate the modifications' utilities with respect to CVD risk reduction, individual's effort-benefits consideration, and disease progression uncertainty, as well as identify the optimal modification for each individual. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated through an open-access CVD dataset. The results demonstrate that the personalized lifestyle modification recommended by the proposed methodology has the potential to effectively reduce the CVD risk. Thus, it is promising to be further applied to real-world cases for CVD prevention.