A comprehensive proteomics analysis of urinary extracellular vesicles identifies a specific kinase protein profile as a novel hallmark of medullary sponge kidney (MSK) disease

Recent advances in the high-throughput technologies and data analysis have led to better understanding of the biological processes involved in several kidney disorders,1,S1,S2 including the medullary sponge kidney (MSK) disease, a rare congenital malformation characterized by dilation of the collecting ducts in the renal papillae, urinary acidification and concentration defects, cystic anomalies of precalyceal ducts associated with a high risk of nephrocalcinosis, and recurrent kidney stones.2