Impact of early term and late preterm birth on infants’ neurodevelopment: evidence from a cohort study in Wuhan, China

Background The incidences of early term and late preterm birth have increased worldwide during recent years. However, there is a lack of prospective study about the influence of early term and late preterm birth on infants’ neurodevelopment, especially at the early stage. Therefore, we conducted this cohort study to investigate the impact of early term and late preterm birth on infants’ neurodevelopment within 6 months. Methods This cohort study was conducted in Wuhan, China, between October 2012 and September 2013. A total of 4243 singleton infants born within 34-41 weeks of gestation at Wuhan Children’s Hospital were included. The Gesell Developmental Scale (GDS) was utilized to evaluate the neurodevelopment of infants. Results Among the 4243 included participants, 155 (3.65%) were late preterm infants, 1288 (30.36%) were early term infants, and 2800 (65.99%) were full term infants. After adjusted for potential confounders, significant negative relationship was shown between late preterm birth and development quotient (DQ) in all domains of neurodevelopment: gross motor ( β = − 17.42, 95% CI : − 21.15 to − 13.69), fine motor ( β = − 23.61, 95% CI : − 28.52 to − 18.69), adaptability ( β = − 10.10, 95% CI : − 13.82 to − 6.38), language ( β = − 6.28, 95% CI : − 9.82 to − 2.74) and social behavior ( β = − 5.99, 95% CI : − 9.59 to − 2.39). There was a significant negative trend for early term birth in DQ of fine motor ( β = − 2.01, 95% CI : − 3.93 to − 0.09). Late preterm infants had a significantly elevated risk of neurodevelopmental delay in domains of gross motor (adjusted OR = 3.82, 95% CI : 2.67 to 5.46), fine motor (adjusted OR = 3.51, 95% CI : 2.47 to 5.01), and adaptability (adjusted OR = 1.60, 95% CI : 1.12 to 2.29), whereas early term birth was significantly associated with neurodevelopmental delay of fine motor (adjusted OR = 1.22, 95% CI : 1.05 to 1.42). Conclusions This study suggested that late preterm birth mainly elevated the risk of neurodevelopmental delay of gross motor, fine motor, and adaptability, whereas early term birth was associated with the developmental delay of fine motor within 6 months. Further research is needed to determine the effectiveness and necessity of the interventions at the early stage for early term and late preterm infants who had suspected neurodevelopmental delay.