Scoring sleep using respiration and movement-based features

A B S T R A C T Rules derived from standard Rechtschaffen and Kales criteria were developed to accurately score rodent sleep into wake, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, and non-REM sleep using movements detected by non-contact electric field (EF) sensors. center dot Using this method, rodent sleep can be scored using only respiratory and gross body movements as a validated, non-invasive alternative to electrode techniques.center dot The methodology and rules established for EF sensor-based sleep scoring were easily learned and implemented.center dot Examples of expert-scored files are included here to help novice scorers self-train to score sleep. Though validated in mice, sleep scoring using respiratory movements has the potential for application in other species and through other movement-based technologies beyond EF sensors.(c) 2022 Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )