Global phylogeny of the Shiitake mushroom and related Lentinula species uncovers novel diversity and suggests an origin in the Neotropics

•Global phylogeny (ITS, LSU, and tef1-α) and potential species-level lineages.•14 or 15 independent lineages are recognized, four or five in Asia-Australasia (Groups 1–4/5) and ten in the Americas and Madagascar (Groups 6–15).•Lentinula guzmanii sp. nov. is newly proposed from Mexico.•The most recent common ancestor lived in Neotropical America ca. 30 Ma.•Fagaceae appears to be the ancestral substrate of Lentinula.