G protein-coupled receptor kinase type 2 and β-arrestin2: Key players in immune cell functions and inflammation

G protein-coupled receptor kinase type 2 (GRK2) and β-arrestin2 are representative proteins that regulate the transduction and trafficking of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling. The kinase GRK2 and the multifunctional scaffolding protein β-arrestin2 are key integrated signaling nodes in various biological processes, and both of them regulate cell proliferation and promote cell invasion and migration. GRK2/β-arrestin2 play multiple roles in the pathological mechanisms of a wide range of diseases including heart failure, cancer, and inflammatory diseases. This review summarizes the roles of GRK2/β-arrestin2 in immune cell function and focuses on the pathological implications of GRK2/β-arrestin2 in various inflammatory diseases.