Specific targeting of lung ILC2s via NRP1 in pulmonary fibrosis

Innate lymphoid cells are predominantly tissue-resident immune cells that have diverse functions similar to T-cell subsets and regulate tissue homeostasis and innate immunity without specific antigen recognition.Previous studies have reported the important roles of type 2 innate lymphoid cells(ILC2s)in allergic inflamma-tion,such as those in asthma and food allergies,and shown that ILC2s play key roles in chronic inflammatory diseases,including pulmonary fibrosis and autoimmune disease[1,2].Tissue-and disease-specific innate immune cells,including ILC2s,have been shown to be important in the development of various other diseases[3-5].In a study published in Nature Immunology,Zhang et al.revealed that neuropilin-1(NRP1)is a specific marker for lung ILC2s and coordinates ILC2 functions in fibrotic lungs without affecting ILC2s in other tissues[6].