Acute myeloid leukemia expresses a specific group of olfactory receptors

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common form of acute leukemia in adults. Although new drugs for specific molecular subsets of AML have recently emerged, the 5-year overall survival rate is still approximately 25%. The treatment options for AML have remained stagnant for decades, and novel molecular targets for this disease are needed. Olfactory receptors (ORs) are seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors preferentially expressed in sensory neurons, in which they play a critical role in recognizing odorant molecules. Recent studies have revealed ectopic expression and putative function of ORs in nonolfactory tissues and pathologies, including AML. Here, we comprehensively investigated OR expression in 151 AML samples, 51 healthy tissues (approximately 11,200 samples), and 15 other cancer types (6,400 samples). Our analyses identified a group of 19 ORs with a distinct and major expression pattern in AML. The expression of these ORs was experimentally validated in an independent set of AML samples and cell lines. We also identified an OR signature with prognostic value for AML patients. Finally, we identified cancer-related genes that were coexpressed with the ORs in the AML samples. In summary, we conducted a high-throughput computational study to identify ORs that can be used as novel biomarkers for the diagnosis of AML and as potential drug targets. The same approach may be used to investigate OR expression in other types of cancer. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest.