Defective monocyte enzymatic function and an inhibitory immune phenotype in HIV-exposed uninfected African infants in the era of anti-retroviral therapy

In the era of antiretroviral therapy (ART)-mediated viral suppression, HIV-exposure may dysregulate monocyte and B cell function, during the vulnerable period of immune maturation. This may contribute to the high rates of invasive bacterial disease and pneumonia in HEU infants.