Human papilloma virus (HPV) and prostate cancer (PCa): The potential role of HPV gene expression and selected cellular MiRNAs in PCa development

•The human papillomavirus (HPV) is considered the organism with the potential to be involved in the progression of PCa.•HPV genome was detected in 28.7% (21/73) of PCa tissue specimens and 17.94% (7/39) control samples. There was no significant association between the presence of HPV infection with PCa (OR = 2.01, 95%CI = 0.8–5.68, P = 0.102).•We found that expression level of miR-19a (3.7 ± 4.3, p-value: 0.0007), −21 (2.5 ± 2.8, p-value<0.0001) were significantly higher and miR-23b (−2.14 ± 3.08, p-value: 0.003) and −34a (−3.12 ± 3.28, p-value: 0.0001) levels were significantly lower in PCa tissue samples than in controls.•The expression patterns of studied proteins are significantly different between the HPV-positive PCa group and HPV-negative PCa group. As well, miR-155, and miR-34a can probably act as novel biomarkers for distinguishing HPV-positive samples from HPV-negative samples.