Improving convolutional neural network learning based on a hierarchical bezier generative model for stenosis detection in X-ray images

•Hierarchical Bezier-based Learning improves residual networks to detect stenosis.•A high-quality image patch generator for X-ray coronary angiography analysis.•The generative model reaches a Fréchet Inception Distance of up to 84.0886.•Self-attention mechanisms maximize neural network performance up to 7%.•Notable stenosis detection accuracy, precision, F1-score, and specificity of 0.8934, 0.9031, 0.8880, 0.9111, respectively, were reached.