The use of herbal treatments as alternatives to control uterine diseases in dairy cows

Uterine diseases are a common gynecological issue that affects dairy cows during the postpartum period. The treatment of uterine diseases is mainly managed through antimicrobials; however, the problem of antibiotic residues, increased antimicrobial resistance of pathogens, and the abuse of antibiotics causes serious problems in the dairy chain around the world, which can affect the efficiency of conventional medicines. In these regards, alternative treatment strategies are needed to reduce the use of antibiotics in dairy production. This review primarily provides an overview that focuses on various alternative sources and methodologies, including plants extracts and essential oils, for the control of bovine uterine diseases, and it presents the advantages and limitations related to the use of these herbal therapies.