The Effects of Masked and Delayed Auditory Feedback on Fundamental Frequency Modulation in Vocal Vibrato

PURPOSE:Although relatively precise control over the extent and rate of fundamental frequency (f ooMETHOD:Ten classically-trained singers produced sustained vowels with vibrato while their auditory feedback was masked with pink noise or multi-talker babble to reduce the gain of their auditory feedback and while their auditory feedback was delayed by about 200 or 300 milliseconds to alter the timing of their auditory feedback. Acoustical analyses measured changes in the extent and rate of f ooRESULTS:There was compelling evidence that noise masking increased the extent of f oooooCONCLUSIONS:The current study demonstrated that reducing the gain of the auditory feedback with noise masking increased the extent of f ooooo