Recurrent cerebellar liponeurocytoma with anaplastic features at initial presentation: A case report

Background: Cerebellar liponeurocytoma is a rare entity with fewer than 100 reported cases and series in the available literature to date. Although the cerebellum remains the typical primary site, the entity has been shown to demonstrate increased aggressiveness and malignant progression with multiple recurrences. Case description: We present a unique case in a 64-year-old gentleman of a cerebellar liponeurocytoma with multiple recurrences and progressive anaplasia. The tumor showed anaplastic features at first presentation and recurred in a more aggressive fashion in a short 2-year period despite surgical debulking and post -operative radiotherapy. It re-recurred within 6 months with subsequent re-debulking without further radiotherapy. At latest follow-up almost 3 years since surgical management of the patient???s second recurrence, the patient remains well with minimal neurological impairment and no radiological signs of recurrence. Conclusion: Cerebellar liponeurocytoma may present with increasingly atypical histological features that may warrant more aggressive post-operative treatment to prevent disease recurrence and clinical deterioration. This may include a more aggressive surgical resection margin and consideration of adjuvant radiotherapy in all cases.