Interhospital variability in localization techniques for small pulmonary nodules in children: A pediatric surgical oncology research collaborative study

•Determining whether a lesion is benign, malignant, or infectious is often critically important to guiding therapy.•In children, pulmonary nodules can be difficult to visualize, especially those that are small and deep to the pleural surface. Various image-guided localization techniques have been developed to facilitate thoracoscopic biopsy.•Image-guided localization techniques vary significantly among institutions, as do associated procedural times. All have a high success rate at interventional radiology localization and operative resection.