Progress in wearable sweat sensors and their applications

Wearable sweat sensors combine the benefits of noninvasive sweat sampling and wearable real-time measurement, providing a powerful platform for monitoring a wealth of biochemical components of sweat related to physiological conditions. The recent progress of wearable sweat sensors is attributed to the rapid development of interdisciplinary research among material science, manufacturing technology, and advanced electronics field. This review focuses on the construction of wearable sweat sensors, especially the design of a flexible sensing interface and integrated wearable sweat sensor. In addition, we outline the extensive applications of wearable sweat sensors from healthcare and sports monitoring to biofuel cells. Finally, several issues and opportunities of future wearable sweat sensors are discussed.