Clip options in endoscopic surgery: contact surface profile and material variations

Clips have been an issue in endoscopic surgery as they can dislocate intraoperatively through manipulation during surgery or by physiological postoperative movements. Constant developments are being undertaken to offer endoscopic surgical clips for safe vascular or hollow organ ligations to overcome the above complications. The present research aimed at identifying the material composition and contact surface characteristics of endoscopic surgical clips and to provide endoscopic surgeons variations and advantages of the different clip types presently available.