Intersection of Racism and PTSD: Assessment and Treatment of Racial Stress and Trauma

Purpose of Review Racial trauma is a severe psychological response to the cumulative traumatic effect of racism. This review synthesizes emerging theoretical and empirical evidence of racial trauma, outlines the mechanisms, and lists available assessment and treatment options for racial trauma. Recent Findings Emerging evidence illustrates that these cumulative experiences can result in the cognitive, behavioral, and affective presentations of PTSD in people of color. As a result, the evidence to inform the assessment, treatment, and implications of racial trauma has grown exponentially. There are several validated interview and self-report instruments for clinicians to better understand client’s experiences of racism, discrimination, and traumatic stress. There are several emerging treatment options for people of color experiencing racial trauma. However, given the scarcity of literature, we need more studies to establish the validity and efficacy of available assessment and treatment options. Summary Emerging and promising advancements can extend our knowledge on racial trauma, including incorporating the cumulative and lasting negative impacts of racism on people of color in how we define PTSD. Additionally, strengthening clinical training and continued education programs for professionals to hone their capacity to discuss the impact of racism effectively administer appropriate assessment tools and implement interventions specific to racial trauma.