A Review on Unknown Repercussions Associated with Metallic Nanoparticles and their Rectification Techniques

Background: The wide use of metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) has toxic effects on the human body affecting vital organs such as brain, liver and kidney. Therefore it is necessary to develop approaches to eradicate such health issues without compromising plus the potential benefits of the respective metallic nanoparticles including silver, gold, zinc, copper, etc. Objective: This study aimed to assess methods which can mutually reduce the nanotoxicity while retaining the therapeutic benefits of metal-based nanocarriers. Methods: The implementation of certain methods, such as the addition of chelating agents, providing protective coatings and surface modification during the synthesis of metallic nanoparticles can subsequently minimize metallic toxicity. Results: Through extensive and exhaustive literature survey it was proved that the above strategies are effective in reducing nanotoxic effects which can be further assessed by toxicity assessment tools as biochemistry, histopathology, etc. Conclusion: Metallic nanoparticles have emerged as a beneficial tool for treating various diseases such as cancer, hepatitis, etc. Scientists are also preserving their efficacy by escorting novel techniques for limiting its toxicity, in the world of nanotechnology.