Antisintering Pd-1 Catalyst for Propane Direct Dehydrogenation with In Situ Active Sites Regeneration Ability

Atomically dispersed Pd (Pd-1) catalysts supported on annealed nanodiamond were prepared through a deposition-precipitation method toward propane direct dehydrogenation (PDDH). The Pd-1 catalyst is superior to Pd cluster/particle catalysts in activity and stability. Combining experimental characterizations and DFT calculations revealed that atomically dispersed Pd species have strong interactions with the hybrid nanodiamond/graphene support, leading to better resistance to coke formation. More importantly, Pd sintering is inevitable in the cluster/particle catalysts, while the high dispersion of Pd species in Pd-1 catalyst is well-preserved during the reaction, which is caused in part by the redistribution or migration of Pd single atoms onto the carbonaceous compound (coke). As a result, the Pd-1 catalyst shows significantly better activity and stability in high-reaction temperatures than Pd cluster/particle catalysts. This work reveals deeper insights on designing highly dispersed metal catalysts with the ability of in situ regeneration of active sites in high-temperature catalytic reactions.