Characterisation of Benthic Macroinvertebrate Communities in Small Watercourses of the European Central Plains Ecoregion and the Effect of Different Environmental Factors

Simple Summary Macroinvertebrates are very important to aquatic ecosystems. They are food for vertebrates and their biodiversity serves as a testament of the quality of their habitats. The majority of research on macroinvertebrates simply describes the composition and population density of species living in large rivers and lakes. The aim of our study was to compare the biodiversity of macrozoobenthos assemblages and to determine the effect of physicochemical and hydrological conditions on their abundance and density in 10 small rivers in agricultural areas. Overall, 105 taxa were identified as species living in changing conditions. Oxygenation of water and nitrogen content were important factors determining the existence of macroinvertebrates in these rivers. Some groups of organisms showed sensitivity to changes in water temperature as well as to the flow and depth in rivers. Most publications on the influence of environmental factors on macroinvertebrate communities focus on large rivers, whereas relatively few examine small watercourses in agricultural areas, which, due to their size and pressure from intensive agricultural production, are much more susceptible to the effects of unfavourable environmental conditions or anthropopressure. The aim of our study was to compare the biodiversity of macrozoobenthos assemblages and to determine the effects of physicochemical and hydrological conditions on their abundance and density in 10 small rivers in agricultural areas located in northwest (53 degrees 23 ' N 15 degrees 14 ' E) and central (52 degrees 11 ' N 20 degrees 48 ' E) Poland. In total, 105 taxa were recorded, with the majority being euryoecious. Among the assessed physicochemical parameters, oxygenation was found to affect the density and number of taxa; another important factor was the content of nitrate nitrogen. Sensitivity to changes in water temperature was observed in some macrozoobenthos taxa (especially Decapoda). Of the examined hydrological parameters, the greatest effects were exerted by speed, flow, and depth.