How should public health recommendations address lp(a), a causative risk factor for cardiovascular disease (cvd)?

There are high-level commitments to reduce cardiovascular mortality by 25% by 2025 but most countries are not on course to meet their targets. Although elevated Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is an important causative risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), its levels are not systematically measured in Europe. Circulating Lp(a) levels are mostly genetically determined and currently recommended lipid-lowering diet and drug therapies have modest effects. This study investigates the clinical utility and economic benefits of measuring Lp(a), despite that specific pharmacological therapy for elevated Lp(a) is not yet available.