Novas tecnologias para estudo da tuberculose: Uma análise da detecção e transmissão de M. tuberculosis circulante

In addition to detecting patients with tuberculosis (TB), it is important to monitor circulating M. tuberculosis genotypes. Even after the implantation of Xpert® MTB/RIF, the diagnosis is still based only by bacilloscopy, which have a low sensitivity, in most laboratories. Objective: To use DNA analysis for diagnosis and identification of circulating genotypes in a population of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.Methodology: Clinical samples were analyzed by Detect-TB (Labtest, MG), real-time PCR (Xpert® MTB/RIF) and compared to bacilloscopy. Genotyping was performed by spoligotyping. Results: The accuracy of Detect-TB was similar to Xpert® MTB / RIF, but Detect-TB was more cost-effective when used with bacilloscopy. The genotypes LAM5, RDRio and like-Pinni2, related to treatment resistance, were being transmitted among this group, and the majority of the resistant to isoniazid (78.5%) and the resistant to rifampicin (92.1%) presented themost known mutations. Conclusion: The application of DNA technologies can help in the control of TB, both in rapid diagnosis and in the identification of resistant profiles, allowing adequate treatment to the patients.