Correction to: Efficient removal of Cd(II) from aqueous environment by potassium permanganate-modified eucalyptus biochar

Modified biochar is an efficient and economical adsorbent material that is widely used for the removal of heavy metals from polluted water bodies. In this study, eucalyptus biochar was synthesized via pyrolysis as a precursor to carbon and modified by potassium permanganate (KBC) to enhance its adsorption properties for Cd removal. The physicochemical properties of KBC were comprehensively characterized and analyzed by various characterization techniques. The effects of experimental parameters such as adsorbent dosage, pH, adsorption time, initial concentration, and temperature on the adsorption capacity and removal rate of Cd(II) were evaluated. The mechanism of Cd(II) removal by KBC was also explored using adsorption kinetics, isotherms, and thermodynamics. The results showed that the sorption capacity obtained with KBC for Cd(II) was 31.05 mg·g −1 that is better than that of BC (26.438 mg·g −1 ), and its removal rate was 99.36% under the optimal conditions (pH 5, dosage 80.0 mg, contact time 6 h, temperature 25 °C, and initial concentration 50.0 mg·L −1 . The adsorption process follows the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Langmuir isothermal adsorption model based on monolayer adsorption on a homogeneous surface with spontaneous heat absorption under the combined physical and chemical effects. The adsorption mechanism of Cd(II) is mainly the KBC oxygen-containing and manganese-containing groups through complexation, oxidation, and cation-π electron interaction. It is illustrated that potassium permanganate’s surface modification of eucalyptus biochar is an effective method to treat the heavy metal contaminated environment.