Quantification of the environmental effectiveness of nature-based solutions for increasing the resilience of cities under climate change

•Feasible and ideal alternative plannings were designed for a neighbourhood in Spain.•The environmental benefits provided by nature-based solutions were quantified.•Putting soil provided the highest benefits for carbon capture and biodiversity.•Woody species, light-coloured pavements and fountains improved thermal comfort.•The proposed methodology is valuable for climate-smart urban planning.