Ab0059 通过mapk和nf-kb信号通路自动修饰药物抑制白细胞介素-37表达
Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases(2019)
摘要
Background Autophagy has been shown as an intrinsic cellular defense mechanism in innate and adaptive immune responses and is reported to regulate inflammation during infection [1], Accumulating evidence indicates that autophagy suppresses inflammasome activation [2-5]. IL-37 has been identified as an anti-inflammatory factor that translocates into the nucleus and downregulates other pro-inflammatory cytokines [6]. Nevertheless, whether autophagy regulates the expression of IL-37 has not been elucidated. Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of autophagy in regulating IL-37, an anti-inflammatory cytokine highly expressed in tissues of patients with inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Methods PMA-transformed and LPS-stimulated U937 macrophages were treated with three autophagy-modifying reagents—3MA, chloroquine, and rapamycin. The expression of three IL-1 family cytokines (IL-37, IL-18, and IL-1β) and two receptors (IL-1R8 and IL-18RA) was determined by quantitative PCR. Intracellular IL-37 expression was detected by flow-cytometry. Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence assay were used to determine the levels of P62/SQSTM1 and LC3, and autophagic U937 cells were isolated by sorting for quantifying IL-37 expression. We also used agonists and antagonists of the MAPK and NF-κB pathways to investigate the possible pathway involved. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from one healthy donor were also used for autophagy modification and intracellular IL-37 quantitation. Results IL-37 was upregulated by rapamycin and chloroquine in U937 cells stimulated by LPS. IL-37 was preferentially expressed in autophagic cells accompanied with LC3 conversion. Higher IL-37 expression was found in ”yto-ID” positive cells than in negative cells. Inductive IL-37 expression, but not constitutive IL-37 expression, could be abolished by inhibitors of the MAPK and NF-κB pathways, whereas it was augmented by MAPK agonists. Conclusion IL-37 levels were enhanced by rapamycin and chloroquine dependent on MAPK and NF-κB pathway activation, probably through LC3 accumulation. This study suggests a possible novel mechanism of chloroquine and rapamycin action in autoimmune inflammatory diseases. References [1] B. Levine, N. Mizushima, H.W. Virgin, Autophagy in immunity and inflammation, Nature469(7330) (2011) 323-35. [2] C. Lupfer, P.G. Thomas, P.K. Anand, P. Vogel, S. Milasta, J. Martinez, G. Huang, M. Green, M. Kundu, H. Chi, R.J. Xavier, D.R. Green, M. Lamkanfi, C.A. Dinarello, P.C. Doherty, T.D. Kanneganti, Receptor interacting protein kinase 2-mediated mitophagy regulates inflammasome activation during virus infection, Nature immunology14(5) (2013) 480-8. [3] C.S. Shi, K. Shenderov, N.N. Huang, J. Kabat, M. Abu-Asab, K.A. Fitzgerald, A. Sher, J.H. Kehrl, Activation of autophagy by inflammatory signals limits IL-1beta production by targeting ubiquitinated inflammasomes for destruction, Nature immunology13(3) (2012) 255-63. [4] Q. Liu, D. Zhang, D. Hu, X. Zhou, Y. Zhou, The role of mitochondria in NLRP3 inflammasome activation, Molecular immunology103 (2018) 115-124. [5] R. Zhou, A.S. Yazdi, P. Menu, J. Tschopp, A role for mitochondria in NLRP3 inflammasome activation, Nature469(7329) (2011) 221-5. [6] S. Sharma, N. Kulk, M.F. Nold, R. Graf, S.H. Kim, D. Reinhardt, C.A. Dinarello, P. Bufler, The IL-1 family member 7b translocates to the nucleus and down-regulates proinflammatory cytokines, J Immunol180(8) (2008) 5477-82. Disclosure of Interests None declared
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