Mechanism of resistance of some pepper cultivars to root knot nematodes by using resistance inducers

Plant- parasitic nematode especially root- knot nematode Meloidogyne spp. of pepper plant is considered one of the dangerous pests which cause the large shortage and quality in yield all over the world. This nematode is widely distributed and wide host range. 1) Susceptibility of some pepper cultivars to root knot nematode species Meloidogyne javanica and M. incognita results indicated that The results showed that all cultivars were affected by root-knot nematode but with different degrees and classified into three groups according to Hadisoaganda and Sasser (1982): 2) Effect of biotic fungal and bacterial to root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita 3) Induction resistance system by certain abiotic inducers i.e. (SA, IAA, JA, Eth and Bio). in laboratory conditions Result showed that, both concentrations had significant decreased of egg-hatching, immobility and death of second stage juveniles. 4) Induction resistance system by certain abiotic inducers i.e. (SA, IAA, JA, Eth and Bio) in greenhouse conditions, all concentration reduced nematode galling on the root system and inhibited the nematode reproduction on pepper, the third concentration of Eth. was the highest one. 5) Impact of certain a biotic a gent as resistance inducers i.e. (SA, IAA, JA, Eth and Bio) in split-root assay. results indicated that, significant decreased in number of galls, rate of egg-masses. 6) All mentioned obvious forms were effective in increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes i.e. polyphenoloxidase and peroxidase, total sugars, total phenols and proline content in nematode infected pepper plants compared to untreated plants.   7) Histological changes in pepper plant infected with root knot nematode M. incognita as affected by the addition of some electors i.e.   (SA, JA, IAA, Eth. and Bio). Resulted showed that, In this concentration it can be noticed, pepper plants infected with nematode and treated with Eth. at 300µM not only after 30 days but also after 60 days , did not recorded any giant cells ,but root section almost nearest the control healthy plant.