Badanie typów odporności na fuzariozę kłosów u pszenżyta ozimego za pomocą markerów fenotypowych i metabolicznych

A collection of 106 genotypes of winter triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack) was evaluated for resistance to Fusarium head blight caused by Fusarium culmorum and for toxin accumulation in grain. The inoculation tests were carried out in two locations. Fusarium head blight indexes (FHBi) describing combined type I and type II of resistance, the percentage of kernels with visible symptoms of Fusarium damage (FDK; type III of resistance) and the level of Fusarium toxins (type V of resistance) were evaluated. The content of the type B trichothecenes: deoxynivalenol (DON) and derivatives, nivalenol (NIV) and zearalenone (ZEN) in grain was analyzed. Moreover, the amount of ergosterol was evaluated to measure the level of Fusarium mycelium in grain. The FHB indexes were similar in both locations and on average amounted to 18.2%. The percentage of FDK varied for individual triticale genotypes. The average FDK was 29.5% (FDK weight) and 37.6% (FDK number). Regarding the FDK of respective genotypes, a significant level of correlation between locations was found. There was a lack of correlation between FHBi and FDK in Poznan, and in Radzikow, a very weak, but significant correlation between FHBi and FDK was observed. The content of Fusarium toxins in the grain was very high. The average of DON content for both locations was 8.649 mg/kg. The average content of NIV was also high and amounted to 5.839 mg/kg. The average content of zearalenone was 1.382 mg/kg. High correlation coefficient for DON and FDK was found. Correlation coefficients between ergosterol and FDK, as well as, among ergosterol and sum of type B trichothecenes in grain were significant. The principal component analysis revealed six triticale genotypes combining a high level of resistance of different types