Monitoring Migration of Injected CO2 at a Northern Niagaran Pinnacle Reef Via Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS) and Behind-Casing Sensors

Conventional reservoir monitoring techniques in Carbon Capture & Storage (CCS) and CO2-Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) sites include surface and bottomhole pressure and temperature monitoring at injection and monitoring wells, along with flow rate measurements of injected CO2. In this paper, novel monitoring techniques involving a realtime distributed temperature sensing (DTS) system and multi-depth behind-casing pressure and temperature sensors are evaluated at a CO2-EOR reef in the Northern Niagaran Pinnacle Reef Trend (NNPRT). Data from these monitoring technologies are evaluated for the purpose of monitoring bottomhole conditions in response to injection of CO2 at a nearby injection well and monitoring migration of injected CO2 within the storage formation after the monitoring well was converted to an injection well.