Mismatch between the population and meltwater changes creates opportunities and risks for global glacier-fed basins

Mountain glaciers are indispensable suppliers of freshwater for human sustenance in extensive cold and arid areas of the world [1-3].However,due to pronounced climate change over the last dec-ades,the vast majority of the world's mountains have seen a rapid shrinking of glaciers with profound impacts on streamflow regimes of the mountains themselves,as well as downstream areas [4-6].A wealth of studies have investigated the responses of glacier runoff to climate change and their impacts on streamflow at different scales,including single-glacier,glacierized mountain range,basin,regional,and even global scales [6-11].