Drainage Type Classification and Key Controlling Factors of Productivity for CBM Wells in the Zheng Zhuang Area, Southern Qinshui Basin, North China

The production of coalbed methane (CBM) wells varies greatly in the Qinshui Basin, North China. Analyzing the primary factors controlling the CBM well productivity is essential to improve their development efficiency. Based on the geological conditions and production data of CBM wells in the Zheng zhuang area, the principal component analysis (PCA) method was used to classify the drainage types and screen the key factors influencing the production of gas and water. The drainage types of the CBM wells in the study area can be divided into four categories. The gas production shows an increasing trend with the increase of the comprehensive score of the PCA. The key controlling factors of productivity for CBM wells can be summarized by the gas-bearing property, permeability, groundwater fluid potential, and burial depth. The impact of burial depth on CBM well productivity is manifested in its control of gas content and permeability. The groundwater flows to a low fluid potential area, which leads to a high water production and a small pressure drop. The gas production shows a positive correlation with post-fracturing permeability. The gas content is a key factor for controlling the critical desorption pressure, critical gas production pressure, and pressure drop at the gas breakthrough point. High gas content is a prerequisite for the high productivity of CBM wells.