The Lingering Death of Periodic Near-Sun Comet 323P/SOHO

We observed near-Sun comet 323P/SOHO for the first time using ground and space telescopes. In late 2020 December, the object was recovered at Subaru showing no cometary features on its way to perihelion. However, in our postperihelion observations, it developed a long narrow tail mimicking a disintegrated comet. The ejecta, composed of at least millimeter-sized dust with power-law size distribution index 3.2 +/- 0.2, was impulsively produced shortly after the perihelion passage, during which greater than or similar to 0.1%-10% of the nucleus mass was shed due to excessive thermal stress and rotational disruption. Two fragments of similar to 20 m in radius (assuming a geometric albedo of 0.15) were seen in Hubble Space Telescope observations from early 2021 March. The nucleus, with an effective radius of 86 +/- 3 m (the same albedo assumed) and an aspect ratio of similar to 0.7, has a rotation period of 0.522 hr, which is the shortest for known comets in the solar system and implies cohesive strength greater than or similar to 10-100 Pa in the interior. The color of the object was freakish and changed temporally in a never-before-seen manner. Using our astrometry, we found a strong nongravitational effect following a heliocentric dependency of r(H)(-8.5) in the transverse motion of the object. Our N-body integration reveals that 323P has a likelihood of 99.7% to collide with the Sun in the next two millennia driven by the nu(6) secular resonance.