Factors predicting self-report adherence (SRA) behaviours among DS-TB patients under the “Integrated model”: a survey in Southwest China

Background China is one of 30 countries with a high tuberculosis (TB) burden, and poor adherence to TB treatment is one of the biggest challenges for TB control. We aimed to explore the barriers and facilitators of treatment adherence among drug-sensitive tuberculosis (DS-TB) patients under the “Integrated model” in Western China, to provide evidence-based treatment and control regimens for DS-TB patients to improve adherence behaviours. Methods Both qualitative and quantitative research methods were used to explore the factors associated with self-reported adherence (SRA) behaviours. Questionnaire surveys with DS-TB patients and in-depth interviews with leaders from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and community health sectors (CHCs), healthcare workers (HCWs) from CHCs, and DS-TB patients were conducted. Results A total of 459 eligible patients were included in the quantitative survey, and two patients and 13 healthcare providers were included in the in-depth interviews. The percentage of patients who experienced a missed dose, lack of follow-up sputum examination, and interrupted treatment were 19.0%, 11.3%, and 9.2%, respectively. Patients aged 20–39 had a higher risk of missed dose [OR (95% CI): 2.302 (1.001–5.305)] and a lower risk of interrupted treatment [OR (95% CI): 0.278 (0.077–0.982)] than patients more than 60 years. Patients who were of Han ethnicity (OR [95% CI]: 0.524 [0.301–0.912]) received psychological support (OR [95% CI]: 0.379 [0.144–0.998]) from their family and had a lower risk of missed doses. Patients who had drug side effects had a higher risk of interrupted treatment (OR [95% CI]: 2.587 [1.237–5.412]). Patients who possessed higher knowledge had a lower risk of lack of follow-up sputum examination [OR (95% CI): 0.817 (0.673–0.991)]. The results of the qualitative study also reported that patients’ poor TB knowledge was the main reason for their non-SRA behaviours. Conclusions Patient-centred strategies should be implemented to improve health literacy and strengthen psychological support. More effective case management should be designed and implemented based on different patient characteristics to improve adherence behaviours in further studies.