Moving source ocean acoustic tomography with uncertainty quantification using controlled source-tow observations

Ocean sound speed and its uncertainty are estimated using travel-time tomography at ranges up to 2 km using a moving source in similar to 600m water depth. The experiment included two 32-element vertical line arrays deployed about 1 km apart and a towed source at similar to 10m depth transmitting a linear frequency modulated waveform. The inversion accounts for uncertainties in the positions and velocities of the source and receivers in addition to the background sound speed state. At these short ranges, the sound speed effects are small and the representational error of the candidate forward models must be carefully evaluated and minimized. This is tested stringently by a separate position parameter inversion and by cross-validating the estimates of sound speed and arrival time, including uncertainties. In addition, simulations are used to explore the effects of adding additional constraints to the inversion and to compare the performance of moving to fixed source tomography. The results suggest that the ray diversity available from the moving source reduces the posterior sound speed uncertainty compared to the fixed source case. (C) 2022 Acoustical Society of America.