Providing evidence from practice: Evaluating 4.5 years of implementing diabetes education support program in carbohydrate management.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate personal and economical outcomes of CarbSmart, a 3-hour person-centered, theory-based program implemented throughout Australia, targeting optimal dietary carbohydrate management. METHODS:More than 500 CarbSmart programs were implemented over 4.5 years. Pre-, post-, (N = 4656) and 3-month follow-up assessments (N = 188) of knowledge, empowerment, confidence, and patient activation were collected from people with diabetes. Participant satisfaction and potential annual cost-savings were calculated. FINDINGS:Repeated measures ANCOVAs showed large improvements pre- to post-program in all outcome variables (d = 0.80-1.68), which were maintained at 3-month follow-up in a sub-sample. Participant satisfaction was high (Net Promoter Score = 72.3). Potential annual cost-savings nation-wide were estimated at US$512million. CONCLUSION:This paper provides evidence that CarbSmart is effective in improving behavioral indicators of self-management outcomes in Australians living with diabetes. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS:CarbSmart has the potential to prevent diabetes-related complications. However, not engaging people living with diabetes with lower levels of patient activation at baseline was recognized as a future opportunity to improve the impact of our service. Strategies are needed to engage people with lower activation levels to improve outcomes in vulnerable and at-risk populations. FUNDING:The development of CarbSmart was funded by Diabetes WA, the national implementation of CarbSmart by the National Diabetes Services Scheme, an initiative of the Australian Government.