Sustainable Concrete with Substitute Materials: A Review

Given the looming threats of overall climate change and planet resource crunch, sustainable development is the course forward for the engineering and construction industry. Many research contemplates are being completed on the most popular construction material concrete to make it increasingly sustainable. Manufacturing financially viable and eco-accommodating concrete is a significant step toward transformation to green buildings. Use of waste material in concrete, ensuring its strength and performance parameters, will help in sustainable accreditations on account of low embodied energy of utilized waste. Also, construction in under-developed zones warrants use of locally accessible herbal admixtures like Chebula extract for upgrading the properties of concrete. The assessments and cases considered in this paper concern the fractional replacement of cement with brick powder or other waste materials, utilization of natural/herbal admixtures, and replacement of coarse/fine aggregates by materials like coconut shells, expanded polystyrene pieces, plastic waste, etc., which may even result in lightweight concrete and subsequent low dead weight. All these exploratory investigations have found optimum percentages of replacements to achieve the appropriate strength and durability parameters. This review paper will unquestionably add to the current research literature of sustainable concrete development methodologies.