A Novel Model-Order Diminution Algorithm for LTIC System Using Whale Optimization

In this work, higher-order linear time-invariant continuous (LTIC) systems are diminuend into lower-order systems with the help of the whale optimization algorithm (WOA). The applicability of the proposed method is applied on a system containing poles on the same location in the s-plane; finally, the numerator and the denominator polynomials of the reduced-order model are obtained by WOA. WOA minimizes the integral square error (ISE) to obtain the unknown coefficients of the low-order system (LOS). The algorithm revealed that it has significant features such as superior efficiency, rapid convergence, hassle-free implementation and give a mathematically stable system.