Biomedical Applications of Laponite®-Based Nanomaterials and Formulations

Laponite® (Lap)-based materials and their biomedical applications are critically discussed. The properties of Lap grades and their modified species are presented. The current state of biomedical applications, including of Lap-based drug delivery systems for different pharmaceutical molecules is reviewed. Special attention is paid to medical hydrogels with incorporated Lap, and cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activity assessments for different Lap-based systems. The detailed reference data of Lap-based materials include Tables with decryptions the grades of Laps, popular silanation agents for edge modification, Lap-based therapeutic platforms, examples of biomedical applications hydrogels with incorporated Lap, hydrogel inks for 3D printing, popular assays for toxicity assessment, effects of Lap on cellular metabolism, and examples of bioactivity assessments for Lap-based materials.