Impact of the COVID-pandemic on the incidence of tonsil surgery and sore throat in Germany

Purpose To longitudinally evaluate the impact of the COVID-19-pandemic on the incidence of inpatient tonsil surgery and outpatient primary care of sore throat in Germany. Methods A retrospective interrupted time-series analysis was conducted. The national database of the Hospital Remuneration System was used to retrieve the number of operations performed between January 2019 and September 2021 including elective and non-elective cases with the exception of malign diseases. Three episodes were compared on a weekly basis: before, during, and after the first national lockdown (March 16–May 3, 2020). We also analysed the number of outpatient doctor contacts of sore throat patients in 2019 and 2020. Results Overall, 144,069 surgical cases were included in the analysis. The first lockdown resulted in an abrupt and significant decrease of all types of tonsil surgery ( p < 0.01). The incidence of tonsillectomy decreased from 556 (before) to 111 (during) and 326 (after) cases per week (relative risk 0.24; 95% CI 0.19–0.30, and 0.82; 95% CI 0.73–0.92). After the lockdown, the incidence persisted on a lower level compared to 2019. The number of doctor contacts decreased from 2,967,322 in 2019 to 1,976,617 in 2020 (− 33.4%). Conclusions The first lockdown was associated with a significant decrease of all types of tonsil surgery. A return to pre-pandemic surgical activity was not identified. The findings were accompanied by a significant decrease of outpatient doctor contacts of sore throat patients in primary care, particularly in the subgroup of children and adolescents. The impact of the second lockdown, starting in December 2020, was by far not comparable.