Implications of Underactive Bladder Syndrome for Nocturia. Do We Need Urodynamic Assessment?

Nocturia is a common urological symptom defined by the International Continence Society (ICS) as “the number of times urine is passed during the main sleep period. Having woken to pass urine for the first time, each urination must be followed by sleep or the intention to sleep. This should be quantified using a bladder diary” [1]. The prevalence of nocturia is high in both genders and increases with age. Nocturia or nocturnal polyuria can be caused by wide-ranging nonurological factors, such as cardiovascular disease, obstructive sleep apnoea, polypharmacy, or learnt behaviour.