Single Beacon Rotating Based Node Localization Algorithm for Underwater Sensor Networks

Currently, numerous localization algorithms for underwater wireless sensor networks have been proposed without solving beacon redundancy with the expansion of the deployment area. And due to the special condition in underwater environment, beacons move with the water flow and they are difficult to deploy accurately. These factors bring great challenges to underwater node localization. To solve these problems, a novel underwater localization algorithm (Single Beacon Rotating based Node Localization Algorithm, SBR) is proposed, which based on a single rotating beacon to calculate the position of unlocated nodes. The position and angle information from beacon are used to calculate the relationship between the unlocated node and the beacon. And the relationship information can be used to obtain the exact position of the unlocated node. In the localization process, unlocated nodes do not need to send message actively, which greatly reduce the communication cost.