Application of electrospun composite materials for algal bioprocesses

Electrospinning technology is widely used for the generation of nano- or micro-sized fibers, which are capable of producing highly porous materials with high surface-to-volume ratios leading to various applications in algal bioprocesses. While the applications are mainly focused on cultivation and harvesting of algal cells on confined solid spaces, simultaneous processing of immobilized biomass during wastewater treatment has shown great potential in the removal of nitrate, heavy metals, and reactive dyes. Successful fabrication of electrospun materials directly from algal biomass and/or extracts is also possible and holds high promise for improving the sustainability of algal biotechnology. This chapter includes a general introduction of algae-associated electrospun composite materials, a detailed review of their applications in (i) cellular growth and biomass harvesting, (ii) integrated wastewater treatment processes, (iii) fabrication of electrospun fibers from whole algal biomass or algae extracts, and a final conclusion with suggestions regarding future directions of this research field.