A Case of Giant Cell Tumour of Bone in a Dog

Abstract Case Description A 9-year-old neutered female mixed-breed dog was presented for the assessment of right pelvic limb lameness of 1-week duration. The lameness had progressed to non-weight bearing the day before presentation. Diagnostic Findings Radiographic examination of the right stifle joint revealed a large purely lytic lesion affecting the proximal metaphysis and epiphysis of the right tibia associated with a pathological fracture of the tibial plateau. These findings, combined with histological evaluation of a bone biopsy performed under ultrasound-guidance, were suggestive of a giant cell tumour of bone. Treatment and Outcome A limb-sparing procedure was attempted as first-line treatment. Curettage of the tumour was followed by coblation, and the defect was filled with polymethyl methacrylate bone cement. Physical and radiographic follow-up examinations 1, 2 and 3 months after surgery revealed improved functional outcome and minor progression of osteolysis. However, local recurrence was apparent 5 months after initial surgery and the limb was therefore amputated. Clinical Relevance Giant cell tumour of bone is rare in dogs. In humans, the traditional surgical management is curettage. This treatment was attempted here for the first time in a dog and the short-term outcome was satisfactory. However, in this particular case, local control of the tumour was unsuccessful.