IL-34 was high in serum of women with polycystic ovary syndrome and may function as potential diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target

Background Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most prevalent endocrine disorders in females of reproductive age, with a prevalence of 20%-33% in the general population. Interleukin (IL)-34 is a recently explored proinflammatory cytokine and is an important modulator in different disease types. However, the function of IL-34 in PCOS has yet to be investigated. Objective The purpose of this study was to determine the IL-34 serum level in women with PCOS and to compare it to that of a relatively healthy control group. Focusing on its relationship with IL-6, TNF-alpha, and IL-1 beta and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Materials and Methods In this study, blood samples were obtained from 100 women with PCOS and 100 healthy control women for the purpose of estimating their serum levels of IL-34, IL-6, TNF-alpha, and IL-1 beta using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. Results Serum levels of IL-34, IL-6, TNF-alpha, and IL-1 beta were all higher in PCOS women than in healthy controls, and the difference was highly statistically significant. Serum IL-34 concentration was positively correlated with IL-6, TNF-alpha, and IL-1 beta concentration. Additionally, serum concentrations of IL-34 were positively correlated with HOMA-IR, triglyceride, and LDL-C. Conclusion When compared to normal women, IL-34, IL-6, TNF-alpha, and IL-1 beta levels were highly statistically significant in PCOS, and these high levels were associated with other cytokines (IL-6, TNF-alpha, and IL-1 beta), HOMA-IR, triglyceride, and LDL-C.