Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis increase morbidity in geriatric patients treated surgically for hip fractures: analysis of the US Nationwide Inpatient Sample

Background This study aimed to evaluate the impact of chronic liver disease and cirrhosis on inpatient outcomes of geriatric hip fracture surgery. Materials and methods Using population-based retrospective study design, this study extracted data from the US Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) database 2005–2014, identifying patients aged ≥ 65 years undergoing hip fracture repair. Main outcomes were in-hospital mortality, any/specific complications, non-routine discharge, extended length of stay (LOS) and hospital costs. Associations between cirrhosis, non-cirrhotic chronic liver disease and outcomes were determined using regression analysis. Results Data of 347,363 hip fracture patients included 344,035 without liver disease, 1257 with non-cirrhotic chronic liver disease and 2,071 with cirrhosis. After adjustments, non-cirrhotic chronic liver disease was significantly associated with non-routine discharge (OR: 1.247, 95% CI: 1.038–1.498), acute kidney injury (OR: 1.266, 95% CI: 1.039–1.541), extended LOS (OR: 1.285, 95% CI: 1.122–1.473) and hospital costs (beta: 9173.42, 95% CI: 6925.9–11,420.95) compared to no liver disease; while cirrhosis was significantly associated with higher risk of in-hospital mortality (OR: 2.325, 95% CI: 1.849–2.922), any complication (OR: 1.295, 95% CI: 1.143–1.467), acute kidney injury (OR: 1.242, 95% CI: 1.177–1.433), non-routine discharge (OR: 1.650, 95% CI: 1.412–1.928), extended LOS (OR: 1.405, 95% CI: 1.263–1.562) and hospital costs (beta: 6680.24, 95% CI: 4921.53–8438.95) compared to no liver disease. Conclusion In geriatric hip fracture patients undergoing surgical repair, non-cirrhotic chronic liver disease and cirrhosis independently predict non-routine discharge, acute kidney injury, prolonged LOS and greater hospital costs, and cirrhosis is also significantly associated with greater risk of any complication and in-hospital mortality.