Swedish monitoring data reveal negative effect of neo-nicotinoids on bumblebee abundance

effect on diversity but significant increase in abundance for some species (Bombus pascuorum, B. lucorum) while other did not change (B. terrestris). There was no effect of connectivity of oilseed rape fields in the surrounding landscape, and no evidence of a threshold: it was mostly enough with one field to see an increase after the moratorium. The fact that bumblebee populations recover indicate that the negative effect is mediated directly via the crop. Our study is a nice example of how monitoring data paired with official data can be used for large scale biodiversity studies.