The spatial distribution pattern of enterprises in Beijing and its influencing factors analysis based on POI data

Different urban elements may exhibit various aggregation patterns. It is of great significance to quantitatively investigate the disparity and connection among various aggregation patterns of urban elements for understanding the mechanism of urban development and supporting urban planning. In this paper, the point of interest (POI) of Beijing is taken as an example, and the distribution pattern and the level of agglomeration of POI in different industries are analyzed by kernel density estimation (KDE). The study found that the distribution density of POI in various industries in Beijing showed a trend of “higher in the eastern part and lower in the western part” and gradually decreased from the center to the outer. The aggregation of other industries’ POI, which is centered on enterprise POI, is analyzed by k-nearest method. The results show that the retail industry, bus station, and catering service industry are in a relatively concentrated distribution around the enterprise POI, and other urban elements are rarely distributing. In addition, this paper analyzes the kernel density chart by the vector analysis theory on landscape pattern, and how the spatial distribution pattern of enterprises is revealed by using the perspective of classical mechanics. It can be concluded that the formation of this kind of distribution comes from the centripetal force of the various industries and the axial traction of the northwest–southeast to the traffic trunk. Overall, the results of enterprise distribution analysis based on the POI data can explain part of the difference in business activities and economy distribution within urban areas. The study results of enterprise activities are also conducive to the strategy-making process of both governments and enterprises.